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Tax register and census database have been used to build an Historical GIS of a medium size city of southern France, Martigues, at the beginning of Seventeenth century. A large and well preserved corpus of historical documents for medieval and modern times allows varied and interdisciplinary studies. The reconstitution of the urban frame of Martigues, combined with precise census data allow us to visualize and interpret spatial and social structure of population, as well as micro migrations, households’ professions, poverty’s distribution. Fiscal, occupational and sociodemographic data can also be combined to measure socioeconomic inequalities and environmental vulnerabilities

GIS, Tax register, census, density, spatial distribution, intra urban mobility, socioeconomic inequalities, environmental vulnerabilities