Empirical research has explored links between grandparental childcare and fertility of their adult children. These links are hypothesized to operate through reductions in childcare costs incurred by parents. However, much of this research been hampered by the possible endogeneity of grandparental care, in that grandparental care may be a response to parents' inability to obtain or pay for alternate care – thus indicating parental monetary and time strain. Instead of relying on reported frequency of grandparental childcare, we use data on the living status of grandparents as (more) exogenous indicators of the potential for grandparental care.  In addition, living status of grandparents may be associated with the availability of financial support to adult children in the form of intergenerational transfers. This study utilizes data which include all individuals from the 2015 population registry of Israel, and provide many advantages: (1) individuals are linked to their parents, spouses, spouses' parents, children, siblings and nieces/nephews; (2) living status and dates of death of parents of adult children (and their spouses) are included; (3) adults with no living parents are included; (4) location of residence is available – when registry data is linked to census data –  so proximity to kin can be estimated.