We analyze the differences by gender and race in long-term pathways out of in-work poverty. Such differences are understood as “pathway gaps”, analogous with gender and racial income gaps studied in labor-market economics and sociology. We combine data from three high-quality data sources (NLSY79, NLSY97, PSID) and apply sequence analysis multistate models to 1) empirically identify pathways out of in-work poverty, 2) estimate the associations between gender and race with each distinct pathway, and 3) attempt to account for these gender and race differences. We identify five different pathways out from in-work poverty. While men and non-Hispanic whites are most likely to experience successful long-term transitions out of poverty within the labor market, women and African Americans are more likely to only temporarily exit in-work poverty, commonly by exiting the labor market. These “pathway gaps” persist even after controlling for selection into in-work poverty, educational attainment, and family demographic behavior.